What body fat distribution is characterized by a central (apple-shaped) pattern?

The central or apple-shaped pattern of body fat distribution is specifically known as android fat distribution. This type of distribution is characterized by fat accumulating primarily around the abdomen and upper body, which is more common in males. Android fat distribution is associated with greater health risks such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, primarily due to the proximity of visceral fat to vital organs.

In contrast, other fat distribution patterns, such as subcutaneous fat distribution, often involve fat accumulation beneath the skin, typically in the hips and thighs. Gynoid fat distribution, commonly referred to as a pear-shaped pattern, is characterized by fat being stored predominantly in the lower body, particularly the hips and thighs, and is more common in females. Total body fat distribution simply refers to the overall fat composition in the body without specifying the distribution pattern, which does not accurately denote the central accumulation characteristic of android fat distribution.