What does the Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) measure?

The Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) is a measure that assesses the distribution of body fat and is particularly useful in evaluating central adiposity—the accumulation of fat around the abdomen. This measurement compares the circumference of the waist to that of the hips, providing insights into an individual's fat distribution patterns.

A higher WHR is indicative of a greater amount of visceral fat, which is the fat stored around internal organs and is associated with a higher risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, WHR serves as a useful tool in determining an individual's disease risk related to obesity, specifically highlighting the importance of where body fat is stored rather than just the amount of body fat.

In contrast, the other options do not directly relate to the specific aim of the WHR. Body mass index (BMI) is calculated using height and weight and does not consider fat distribution. Overall body weight is a general measure that lacks detail on fat distribution and potential health risks. Muscle mass focuses on the amount of lean tissue in the body and does not account for fat distribution patterns, which WHR specifically addresses.