Which of the following components contributes least to daily energy expenditure?

The thermic effect of food refers to the energy expenditure above the resting metabolic rate that is associated with the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food. While it does contribute to overall daily energy expenditure, its contribution is relatively small compared to other components.

The basal metabolic rate is responsible for the majority of the energy expenditure, accounting for about 60-75% of the total energy used throughout the day. Physical activity varies greatly among individuals but can also represent a significant portion of energy expenditure. An active lifestyle encourages higher physical activity levels, thereby increasing overall energy expenditure even further.

In contrast, while the thermic effect of food does play a role—generally around 5-10% of total daily energy expenditure—it is much less significant than the other components. This is why it is considered the least contributory among the options provided. Understanding these proportions is crucial for developing effective dietary and physical activity strategies for weight management and overall health.